December 23, 2024
In October 2023, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 2699, authorizing the deployment of the Multinational Security Support Mission (MSS) in Haiti. This multinational mission aims to restore security and stability to a country ravaged by gang violence and a growing humanitarian crisis. However, the deployment process was marked by numerous delays and obstacles, both logistically and politically.
Financial and logistical obstacles
One of the main challenges has been the lack of adequate funding. Although the international community has expressed support, the United Nations-backed trust fund has raised only $21 million, insufficient to cover the operational needs of a mission planned to have up to 2,500 security personnel. This insufficient funds led to repeated delays in the arrival of troops and the establishment of necessary infrastructure, including the base where they will reside.
Legal challenges and political opposition
The deployment of the MSS has also been hampered by legal challenges and significant political opposition, notably in Kenya, a major troop-contributing country. On January 26, 2024, Kenyan justice ruled that the deployment of Kenyan police officers to Haiti as part of this mission was unconstitutional. Despite this decision, Kenyan President William Ruto remains determined to carry out this mission.
A new appeal was filed on May 16, 2024 by the opposition Third Voice Alliance party, aiming to block the deployment of troops. Since the government received approval to proceed on March 1, legal challenges and political pressure have continued to pose major challenges.
International support and involvement
The United States reaffirmed its support for security in Haiti, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Brian A. Nichols, Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, both emphasized the United States’ commitment to working with the Haitian government and the International community.
On the ground, preparations for the deployment of troops have been complex. The first contingents, including approximately 200 specialized Kenyan police officers, arrived in Haiti on June 25 after months of preparation and hurdles. These troops are intended to strengthen the Haitian National Police (PNH) and restore order in the areas most affected by gang violence.
Despite the many obstacles, the deployment of MSS is progressing gradually. International support and the determination of the Haitian and Kenyan authorities are crucial to the success of this mission. The delays and challenges encountered underscore the complexity of peacekeeping operations and the need for close coordination among participating nations and international organizations.